Predicted alveolar po2 equation using only respiration rate, tidal volume and dead space volume9/16/2023 ![]() ![]() In pathological conditions where diffusion is impaired (congestive heart failure, pneumonia, alveolar hemorrhage), without pre-oxygenation, the clinician may have a few seconds to a few minutes before the patient will desaturate. In normal physiological conditions, this will give a clinician 8 to 9 minutes to successfully intubate before a patient’s partial pressure of oxygen falls below 60 mm Hg and desaturation on pulse oximetry becomes evident. The alveolar gas equation helps us in calculating the alveolar and arterial PO2 gradient (A-a) difference.īut, if a patient is given 100% oxygen in the same situation the PO2 can be as high as 663 mm Hg. If hypoxia is severe, they may develop severe lactic acidosis, cyanosis, syncope, and arrhythmias. Hypoxemic patients typically present with shortness of breath and dyspnea. Oxygen is used in the human body to perform oxidative phosphorylation and produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), which is further used in enzymatic reactions as a primary form of energy. Oxygen has a high redox potential and is the last acceptor of electrons within the electron transport chain. A hyperbaric oxygen chamber is used as a treatment for major carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness, and non-healing ulcers. On the other hand, increasing atmospheric pressure can have significant effects on the body by increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood. Without proper acclimatization and/or supplemental oxygen, one can have high altitude cerebral edema, acute mountain sickness, and high altitude pulmonary edema. This increases the frequency and depth of breathing, cardiac output, blood pressure, and production of erythropoietin and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG). This process of gradual adjustment is known as acclimatization. A number of physiological changes occur which enable the body to function in a low oxygen environment.
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